Emergence
References
http://www.complexity.soton.ac.uk/theory/_Emergence_and_Self-Organization.php
Emergence is a key concept in complexity science - the growth or evolution of more complex forms through simple rules. Emergence must operate through interactions at local or microscales, that is ‘bottom-up’ rather than ‘top-down’ rules. eg. chemical reactions, individual purchasing choices.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_schema_theory
[Attention schema theory] proposes that brains construct subjective awareness as a schematic model of the process of attention.[1][2] The theory is a materialist theory of consciousness.
https://drmichaellevin.org/research/
By building models of morphogenesis as navigation of an anatomical option space, we uncover the policies that cellular collectives use to navigate this space and begin to develop interventions (stimuli, not hardware rewiring) to guide them to desired regions of the space without micromanagement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3lsYlod5OU
[35:52] “Each level bends the option space...”
In the transcript of Brain Science episode 209, guest Luiz Pessoa talking about his book "The Entangled Brain," said, "The brain doesn't really have access to the full, rich environment around us. Instead, it constructs sketches, simplified representations of that environment based on the information that reaches the brain through our senses."
https://academic.oup.com/book/11139/chapter-abstract/159583971?redirectedFrom=fulltext
The input to the striate cortex (area V1) from the lateral geniculate nucleus is transformed to create orientation, direction, velocity, and spatial frequency selective neurons. Many area V1 cells receive a convergent input from the two eyes that contributes to stereoscopic depth perception.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusiform_face_area
The fusiform face area (FFA, meaning spindle-shaped face area) is a part of the human visual system (while also activated in people blind from birth[1]) that is specialized for facial recognition.[2] It is located in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), in the fusiform gyrus (Brodmann area 37).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFuA50H9uek&pp=ygUjc3BvdCBib3N0b24gZHluYW1pY3Mgc3RhYmlsaXR5IHRlc3Q%3D 2018 Boston Dynamics Video Description: A test of Spot's ability to adjust to disturbances as it opens and walks through a door. A person (not shown) drives the robot up to the door, points the hand at the door handle, then gives the 'GO' command, both at the beginning of the video and again at 42 seconds. The robot proceeds autonomously from these points on, without help from a person. A camera in the hand finds the door handle, cameras on the body determine if the door is open or closed and navigate through the doorway. Software provides locomotion, balance and adjusts behavior when progress gets off track. The ability to tolerate and respond automatically to disturbances like these improves successful operation of the robot. (Note: This testing does not irritate or harm the robot.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_coding
In neuroscience, predictive coding (also known as predictive processing) is a theory of brain function which postulates that the brain is constantly generating and updating a "mental model" of the environment. According to the theory, such a mental model is used to predict input signals from the senses that are then compared with the actual input signals from those senses.[1]